1. What are the Network and Security products offered by Cloud providers today?

AWS GCP Azure
Virtual Private Networks Uses VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) with dedicated IP ranges
Hybrid Networking with Direct Connect, VPN. Uses VPC similar to AWS
·        Customizable IP ranges and subnets
·        Shared VPC to connect multiple resources and projects. Uses VNet (Virtual Network)
Deep integration with
Load Balancing
-        Application Load Balancer
-        Network Load Balancer
-        Global Load Balancer (for multi-region traffic) Offers Elastic Load Balancing
Auto scaling support for dynamic  workloads. Provides a Global Load Balancer and Application Gateway Offers Cloud Load Balancing with global and regional options
·        Layer 4 - TCP, UDP messages supported
DNS Services AWS Route 53
·        Latency-based routing
·        Geographical Routing
·        Weighted Routing GCP Cloud DNS
·        Public and private DNS zones Azure DNS
·        Custom domain support
·        Caching of support messages.
CDNs (Content Delivery Networks) Amazon CloudFront
·        Global network of Edge locations GCP Cloud CDN
·        Geographic caching Azure CDN
·        Tracking and Logging not possible
AWS GCP Azure
DDoS Protection AWS Shield
·        Tiered pricing
Cloud Armor
·        Layer 3/4/7 protection in built
·        Pre-configured rules Azure DDOS Protection
·        Built-in support
·        Layer 3/4 protection with Standard plan.
Secret Management Secrets Manager for storing secrets and certificates
·        Rotation policies for secrets automation Secret Manager for passwords and certificates
·        Access control using GCP IAM
·        Fewer advanced rotation features compared to Azure/ AWS. Key Vault for secrets, keys, and certificates
VPN Capabilities Supports point-to-site and site-to-site with 10 connections limit per VPN gateway
·        More support for on-prem and hybrid deployments. Only supports site-to-site VPN connections
Supports point-to-site and site-to-site with 30 connections limit per VPN gateway
Compliance and Security Assessment Amazon Inspector

Compliance Authorities - ISO 27001, SOC 2, PCI DSS, HIPAA, GDPR | Trust and Security Centre Compliance Authorities - ISO 27001, SOC 2, PCI DSS, HIPAA, GDPR Fewer supported compliance standards. | Azure Security Centre   Compliance Authorities - ISO 27001, SOC 2, PCI DSS, HIPAA, GDPR Compliance is their Forte with added localized datacenters in geographies | | WAF (Web Application Firewall) | AWS WAF ·        Layer 7 protection only ·        Custom Rule Creation ·        SQL injection prevention ·        Cross-site creation IP rate-based rules | Cloud Armor ·        Pre-configured defense rules. ·        Layer 3/4/7 Protection. ·        Machine learning-based defense. **** | Azure Web Application Firewall ·        Integrated with Application Gateway ·        Geo-location based rules ·        OWASP top 10 protection | | Network Security Groups and Firewall rules | AWS Security Groups

| VPS Firewall | Network Security Groups | | Encryption Services | AWS Encryption | Google Cloud KMS | Azure Key Vault | | Security Monitoring and Logging | Amazon GuardDuty ·        AI powered threat detection and analysis | Cloud Security Command Center | Azure Security Groups | | Zero Trust Network and Architecture | AWS Zero Trust | BeyondCorp Enterprise ·        Good for remote working enterprises | Azure Active Directory ·        With Azure AD Conditional, offers hybrid work environments**.** |

2. Additional Cloud providers today-

Features CoreWeave RunPod E2E Networks Lambda Labs Yotta
DDoS Basic functionalities to handle global attacks. Serverless GPU workload protection. ·       Tiered DDoS protection
·       Region-focused offering especially datacentres in India Basic functionality ·       Better offering for enterprises
Secret Management ·       SSL or TLS certificates ·       API key security TLS certificates, authentication keys
SSL/TLS based offering Key-Vault like offering, with centralized management
VPN Capabilities Private Networks like VPCs Basic pod-like clusters for private as well as enterprise networks on which ML workloads can be distributed. Supports Point-to-Site and Site-to-Site VPNs.
Multi-GPU cluster-specific networking (no broad public VPN).

| Enterprise-focused VPN **** | | Compliance and Security | Encryption supported | Multi-region compliance support | ISO 27001, PCI DSS | - | ISO 27001, PCI DSS, HIPAA, etc | | Security Groups and Firewall rules | Available | Pod-based separation | Subnets and services can also be separated | Network based for ML-based infrastructure | Multi-layer security setup |